working principle:

Rotorcraft and helicopters are exactly the same: they have a large-diameter rotor above their heads, and they rely on the rotation of the rotor to generate lift during flight. But apart from these superficial consistency, the rotorcraft and the helicopter are two completely different airplanes.

Rotorcraft is actually an aircraft between a helicopter and an airplane. In addition to the rotor, it also has a pair of vertically placed propellers to provide forward power. Generally, it is also equipped with a smaller wing to provide part of the flight. Lift. The biggest difference between a rotorcraft and a helicopter is that the rotor of the rotorcraft is not connected to the engine transmission system. The engine does not drive the rotor to provide lift for the rotorcraft, but during the flight of the rotorcraft, the front airflow blows the rotor to rotate to generate lift. Like a windmill, the rotor system is only driven by its own power when starting. It is called prerotate and is driven by air force after takeoff. The rotor of a helicopter is connected to the engine transmission system, which can generate lift and It can provide power for flying, like an electric fan. Because the rotor is self-rotating, the torque transmitted to the fuselage is very small, so the rotorcraft does not need a tail rotor like a single-rotor helicopter, but it is generally equipped with a tail to control the flight.

In flight, the most obvious difference between the rotorcraft and the helicopter is that the rotor of the helicopter is tilted forward, while the rotor of the rotorcraft is tilted backward.

It should be noted that when some rotorcraft take off, the rotor can also be connected to the engine through a "clutch", and the engine drives the rotation to generate lifting force. This can shorten the take-off and run distance, and climb almost steeply, but it can't ascend vertically, nor can it stay still in the air (ie, "hover"). After lift-off, release the clutch and follow the rotor to spin freely in the air.

When a rotorcraft is flying, the lift is mainly generated by the rotor, and the fixed wing only provides part of the lift. Some rotorcraft do not even have a fixed wing, and all the lift is generated by the rotor.

Because the power of the rotor of the gyroplane is obtained by the advancement of the gyroplane. In case the engine stops in the air and the propeller does not turn, the rotorcraft will continue to fly forward because of its inertia, and will gradually reduce the speed and altitude due to gravity and air resistance. At the same time as the altitude drops, there will be freedom With the relative airflow from bottom to top, the rotor can rotate to provide lift. In this way, the Xuanji plane can glide and land safely with the pilot's control. Even in the special circumstances where the pilot cannot control and the rotorcraft loses control, it will land like a parachute. Although it is also a rough landing, there will be no situation similar to the landing on the top of the scale.

The helicopter also has the ability to safely land on the lower edge of its rotation. However, its rotation needs to transition from a dynamic state to an autorotation state, and this transition requires a certain degree of loss. If the flight altitude is not enough, then the helicopter may not have time to transition and touch the ground. The rotorcraft itself flies in the autorotation state and does not need to be transitioned, so there is no such height restriction required for safe conversion.

Flight characteristics:

Since the rotor of the rotorcraft is not powered, it does not have the large vibration and noise caused by the power-driven rotor system, and it will not shorten or increase the service life of the rotor, body, etc. due to such vibration and noise. The fatigue of the occupant. The influence caused by the power of the rotorcraft to drive the propeller is obviously much smaller.

In addition, the rotorcraft has a very valuable feature, that is, its landing roll distance is much shorter than the takeoff run distance, and it can even land on the spot without rolling, as long as a place is larger than the diameter of the rotor. It can be landed, even if it is not very flat, it can even land on the roof or deck of a tourist boat. The US rotorcraft flight training manual says: "The stability of the rotorcraft is the highest among all aircraft." It can be adjusted automatically, so that the fuselage has good pitch stability, roll stability and speed stability. The rotating paddle disk is just like a large inertia wheel, and the rotor has no periodic pitch change and other changes. And because the rotor installation angle of the rotorcraft is larger than that of the helicopter, it has a better gyro effect and higher stability. The rotorcraft has high wind resistance, and it likes to have wind when taking off. For conventional gyroplanes, wind is conducive to starting and accelerating the rotation of the rotors, and can shorten the jump of the roll. When the wind speed is large enough, the general gyroplanes can also take off vertically.

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